The theory of total consumption implies that gambling expenditure is associated positively with gambling‐related harm, as pointed out in studies from Nordic countries 5, 6 and elsewhere 7, 8.
Expenditure is interchangeable with gaming revenue or the gaming operator's gross profit: it is the amount of money that players spend or lose. In particular, an ethically and socially responsible gambling policy requires a clear picture of the breakdown of expenditure by individuals in different age groups, from different socio‐economic backgrounds and particularly by individuals with gambling problems. It is important in this situation to know how much of government gaming revenue is generated by certain groups of individuals. At the same time, it is known that individuals, families and communities are affected by gambling‐related harms 3, 4.
Gambling opportunities are expanding rapidly world‐wide, and gambling has become increasingly normalized with the continuing growth of advertising and development of new platforms 1, 2.
